Meta Analysis: Application of Health Belief Model Theory on COVID-19 Acceptance in General Population
Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 vaccine is an effective strategy to prevent viral infection during global pandemic. Health belief model has been recommended to explain the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination behavior in the community. This study aimed to estimate the perceived susceptibility to COVID-19 and the perceived benefit in receiving the COVID-19 vaccine.
Subjects and Method: This study used a systematic review study design and a meta-analysis using PICO, Population: Society, Intervention: Perceptions of high susceptibility to COVID-19 and high perceptions of benefits about the COVID-19 vaccine. Comparison: Low perceived susceptibility to COVID-19 and low perceived benefit of COVID-19 vaccine, Outcome: Acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine. The articles used in this study came from 4 databases, namely Pubmed, Sciencedirect, SpringerLink and Google Scholar. The keywords used in the article search were as follows “Health Belief Model” OR “HBM” AND “Acceptance” OR “Receive” AND “COVID-19 Vaccine” AND “General Population”. The articles included in this study were full paper articles, cross sectional study designs, in 2020-2022 and the size of the relationship of Adj Odds Ratio (aOR).
Results: A total of 9 cross-sectional studies with 12,713 people from 3 continents, namely America (United States), Asia (Bangladesh, China, Hong Kong, Lebanon, and Saudi Arabia) and Europe (Russia) were obtained. From data processing, it was found that a high perceived susceptibility to COVID-19 increased acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination by 1.33 times compared to a low perceived susceptibility and this result was statistically significant (aOR= 1.33; 95% CI= 1.08 to 1.65; p= 0.008) . A high perceived benefit increased acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination by 3.28 times compared to a low perceived benefit and this result was statistically significant (aOR= 3.28; CI 95%= 1.87 to 5.74; p< 0.001).
Conclusion: Perceived susceptibility and perceived benefit increase the likelihood of acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccination in the community.
Keywords: Health Belief Model, perceived susceptibility, perceived benefit, COVID-19 vaccination.
Correspondence:
Resta Dwi Yuliani. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: restadwi24@gmail.com. Mobile: +6285731288002
Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior (2022), 07(03): 225-237
DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2022.07.03.05
References
Alobaidi S (2021). Predictors of intent to receive the COVID-19 vaccination among the population in the kingdom of saudi arabia: A survey study, J. Multidiscip. Healthc., 14: 1119–1128. doi: 10.2147/JMDH.S306654
Banik R, Islam S, Pranta MUR, Rahman QM, Rahman M, Pardhan S, Driscoll R, et al. (2021). Understanding the determinants of COVID-19 vacci¬nation intention and willingness to pay: findings from a population-based survey in Bangladesh, BMC Infectious Diseases, 21(1): 2-15 doi: 10.1186/s12879-021-06406-y.
Cai C, Peng Y, Shen E, Huang Q, Chen Y, Liu P, Guo C, et al. (2021). A comprehensive analysis of the efficacy and safety of COVID-19 vaccines, Mol. Ther. 29(9): 2794–2805. doi: 10.-1016/j.ymthe.2021.08.001.
Center for Evidence Based Management (2014). Critical Appraisal Checklist for Cross-sectional Study.
Chen JJ, Lee TH, Tian YC, Lee CC, Fan PC, Chang CH (2021). Immunogenicity rates after SARS-COV2 vaccination in people with end-stage kidney disease a systematic review and meta-analysis, JAMA Netw. Open, 4(10): 1-22. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.-2021.31749.
Coe AB, Elliot MH, Gatewood SBS, Goode JVR, Moczygemba LR, et al. (2020). Perceptions and predictors of inten-tion to receive the COVID-19 vaccine, RSAP. hal 1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2021.04.023
Fresna RH, Murti B, Prasetya H (2021). Meta-Analysis the effect of residence on the risk of anxiety and depression in general population during COVID-19 Pandemic, JEPH 6(3): 381–391. doi: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2021.06.-03.12.
Hardiansyah H, Hakim L, Bangun HA (2022). Implementasi health belief model terhadap pelaksanaan vaksinasi untuk penanggulangan pandemi Corona Virus Diseases-19 (COVID-19) pada tenaga kesehatan Kabupaten Nagan Raya (Implementation of a health belief model for the implemen-tation of vaccinations for the preven-tion of the Corona Virus Diseases-19 (COVID-19) pandemic for health workers in Nagan Raya Regency), Jurnal SAGO Gizi dan Kesehatan, 3(1): 95. doi: 10.30867/gikes.v3i1.767.
Jiang T, Zhou X, Wang H, Dong S, Wang M, Akezhuoli H, Zhu H (2021). COVID-19 vaccination intention and influencing factors among different occupational risk groups: a cross-sectional study. Hum Vaccin Immunother, 17(10): 3433–3440 doi: 10.1080/216-45515.2021.1930473.
Kementerian Kesehetan RI (2021). PMK No 10 Tahun 2021 tentang pelaksanaan vaksinasi dalam rangka penanggulangan pandemi Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) (PMK No. 10 of 2021 concerning the implementation of vaccinations in the context of dealing with the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19 pandemic), Per¬men-kes RI, 2019, p. 33. Available at: https://persi.or.id/wp-content/up-loads/2021/02/pmk10-2021.pdf.
Kurniawati O, Prasetya H, Murti B (2021). Meta-analysis the effects of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus on COVID-19 mortality, JEPH, 6(2): 177–191. doi: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2021.06.02.05.
Lai X, Zhu H, Wang J, Huang Y, Jing R, Lyu Y, Zhang H, et al. (2021). Public perceptions and acceptance of COVID-19 booster vaccination in china: A cross-sectional study, Vaccines, 9(12):1–17. doi: 10.3390/vaccines912-1461
Mahmud I, Kabir R, Rahman MA, Mo¬hamed AA, Vinnakota D, Al- Mohaimeed A (2021). The health belief model predicts intention to receive the covid-19 vaccine in saudi arabia: Results from a Cross-Sectional Survey, Vaccines, 9: 1-11 doi: 10.3390/vaccines9080864.
Qin C, Wang R, Tao L, Liu M, Liu J (2022). Acceptance of a Third Dose of COVID-19 Vaccine and Associated Factors in China Based on Health Belief Model: A National Cross-Sectional Study, Vaccines, 10(1): 1-13. doi: 10.3390/vaccines10010089.
Rachmawati WC (2019). Promosi Kesehatan dan Ilmu Perilaku (Health Promotion and Behavioral Science). Malang: Wineka Media among the general population using the health belief model and the theory of planned behavior model. doi: 10.1186/s12889-021-10816-7.
Shmueli L (2021). Predicting intention to receive COVID-19 vaccine among the general population using the health belief model and the theory of planned behavior model, BMC public health, 21(1):804. doi: 10.1186/s12¬889-021-10816-7.
Tran VD, Pak TV, Gribkova EI, Galkina GA, Loskutova EE, Dorofeeva VV, Dewey RS, et al. (2021). Determinants of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in a high infection-rate country: A cross-sectional study in Russia, Pharmacy Practice, 19(1): 1–9. doi: 10.18549/PharmPract.2021.1.2276.
WHO (2021). WHO coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard. World Health Organization. Retrieved from https://covid19.who.int/.
Wong LP, Alias H, Wong PF, Lee HY, Abubakar Z (2020). The use of the health belief model to assess predictors of intent to receive the COVID-19 vaccine and willingness to pay, Human Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, 16(9): 2204–2214. doi:10.1080/21645515.2020.1790279.
Wong MCS, Wong ELY, Huang J, Cheung AWL, Law K, Chong MKC, Ng RWY, et al. (2021) Acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine based on the health belief model: A population-based survey in Hong Kong, Vaccine, 39(7): 1148–1156. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.20-20.12.083.
Youssef D (2021). Integrating health belief model to determine factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in Lebanon: Differences between health care workers and non-healthcare workers, Res Sq, hal.1–27. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.12.147
