The Effectiveness of Electronic Health Uptake in Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Meta-Analysis
Abstract
Background: Diabetes is a chronic disease in the form of a metabolic disorder characterized by blood sugar levels that exceed normal limits. The cause of the increase in blood sugar levels is the basis for grouping the type of Diabetes. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of the use of electronic health in patients with diabetes mellitus.
Subjects and Method: Meta-analysis was carried out using PICO as follows: The population in this study were patients with diabetes mellitus. Intervention in the form of the use of electronic health. Comparison in the form of direct consultation. The outcome is a decrease in HbA1c levels. Meta-analytical studies were applied to this study with electronic data sources: Google Scholar, MEDLINE/PubMed, Science Direct and ProQuest. The article used is a full-text article with a Randomized Control Trial (RCT) study design. There are 9 articles used in this study with a total sample of 1.137 people who were divided into two groups (568 people in the electronic health group and 569 people in the direct consultation group). Articles were analyzed using the Review Manager 5.3 application. The results of this study aim to determine the Standardized Mean difference (SMD) and the heterogeneity of the research sample.
Results: There was a high heterogeneity between one experiment and another (I2=91%; P<0.001) so the Random Effect Model (REM) was used. The use of Electronic Health help reduces HbA1c levels with Standardized Mean Different (SMD) by 0.39 compared to direct consultation (SMD= -0.39; 95% CI = -0.79 to -0.01; p=0.050).
Conclusion: The use of electronic health help reduces HbA1c levels in diabetes mellitus patients with Standardized Mean Different (SMD) by 0.39 compared to direct consultation.
Keywords: Electronic Health, Diabetes Mellitus, HbA1c
Correspondence:
Eni Nur Rahmawati. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: eninur_rahma@udb.ac.id. Mobile: +6285743748528.
Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior (2021), 06(03): 176-187
References
Ahmed MK (2013). Improving diabetic self-management using glucose buddy University of Ontario Institute of Techno-logy. https://ir.library.dc-uoit.ca/han-dle/¬10155/364
American Diabetes Association, (ADA). (20-19). Disclosures: standards of medical care in diabetes2019. Diabetes Care, 42(Supplement_1), S184–S186. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc19-Sdis01
Angga D (2015). Rancang bangun sistem informasi rekam medik rawat jalan di Rumah Sakit Umum Mitra Mulia Hu-sada Bandar Jaya Kabupaten Lampung Tengah. Universitas Lampung Bandar Lampung.
Brzan PP, Rotman E, Pajnkihar M, Klanjsek P (2016). Mobile applications for control and self management of diabetes: a systematic review. J Med Syst, 40(9), 210. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-016-0564-8
Cahn A, Akirov A, Raz I (2017). Digital health technology and diabetes management. J Diabetes, 10(1), 10–17. htt-ps://doi.org/10.1111/1753-0407.12606
Daniel J (2012). ICT dan pembelajaran (kurikulum untuk sekolah dan program pengembangan guru), terjemahan dari information and communication technology in education (a curriculum for schoolsand programme of teacher develophment). Jakarta.
Dipiro JT, Wells BG, Schwinghammer TL, Dipiro CV (2015). Pharmacotherapy handbook, ninth edit., mcgraw-hill education companies. New York : McGraw-Hill.
Duruturk N, Özköslü MA (2019). Effect of telerehabilitation on glucose control, exercise capacity, physical fitness, muscle strength and psychosocial status in patients with type 2 diabetes: a double blind randomized controlled trial. Prim Care Diabetes, 13(6), 542–548. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcd.20-19.03.007
Giannini C, Mohn A, Chiarelli F (2009). Technology and the issue of cost/benefit in diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev, 25 Suppl 1(S1), S34-44. https://doi.org/10.1002/dmrr.986
Hartz J, Yingling L, Powell-Wiley TM (2016). Use of mobile health technology in the prevention and management of diabetes mellitus. Curr Cardiol Rep, 18(12), 130. https://doi.org/10.¬1007/-s11886-016-0796-8
Iljaz R, Brodnik A, Zrimec T, Cukjati I (2017). E-healthcare for diabetes mellitus type 2 patients-a randomised controlled trial in slovenia. Zdr Varst, 56(3), 150–157. https://doi.org/10.-1515/sjph-2017-0020
International Diabetes Federation (IDF) (2019). Diabetes atlas sixth edition. Belgium: International Diabetes Federation. https://www.idf.org/component/attachments/attachments.html?id=813&tas
Jeong JY, Jeon JH, Bae KH, Choi YK, Park KG, Kim JG, Won KC, et al. (2018). Smart care based on telemonitoring and telemedicine for type 2 diabetes care: multicenter randomized control-led trial. Telemed J E Health, 24(8), 604–613. https://doi.org/10.1089/-tmj.2017.0203
Kemenkes RI (2020). Tetap produktif, cegah dan atasi diabetes mellitus. Jakarta Selatan : Kementrian Kesehatan RI Pusat Data dan Informasi.
Listiyon0 H (2008). Merancang dan mem-buat sistem pakar. Jurnal Teknologi Informasi DINAMIK, XIII(2), 115–124. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.35315/dinamik.v13i2.76
Munir (2009). Kontribusi teknologi informasi dan komunikasi (TIK) dalam pendidikan di era globalisasi pendidikan indonesia. Jurnal Pendidikan Teknologi Informasi Dan Komunikasi, 2(2), 1–4. http://file.upi.edu/Direktori/jurnal/pendidikantik/jurnalpendtikvol2no2/kontribusi_teknologi_informasi_dan_komunikasi_%28tik%29_dalam_pendidikan_di_era_globalisasi_pendidikan_indonesia.pdf
Murti B (2018). Prinsip dan metode riset epidemiologi, edisi ke-5. Surakarta: Bintang Fajar Offset.
National Instititues of Health (NIHP). (2014). Diabetes. www.diabetes.niddk.nih.gov.
Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan RI No. 46 tahun 2017 tentang Strategi e-kesehatan nasional. (2017).
Quinn CC, Shardell MD, Terrin ML, Barr EA, Park D, Shaikh F, Guralnik JM, et al. (2014). Mobile diabetes intervention for glycemic control in 45 to 64 year-old persons with type 2 diabetes. J Appl Gerontol, 35(2), 227–243. https://doi.org/10.1177/0733464814542611
Rahmayani I (2015). Indonesia raksasa teknologi digital asia. https://kominfo.go.id/content/detail/6095/indonesiaraksasateknologidigitalasia/0/sorotan_media
Riskesdas (2018). Laporan Nasional Riskesdas 2018. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan. http://labdata.litbang.kemkes.go.id/images/download/laporan/RKD/2018/Laporan_Nasional_RKD2018_FINAL.pdf
Russel DM (2011). Bebas dari penyakit paling mematikan. Jakarta: PT. Buku Se-ru.
Sirait NF (2018). Karakteristik penderita diabetes melitus Tipe 2 Dengan Komplikasi yang rawat Inap Di Rumah Sakit Santa Elisabeth Medan (Vol. 2) Universitas Sumatera Utara. http://repositori.usu.ac.id/handle/123456789/2202
Storch VK, Graaf E, Wunderlich M, Rietz, C, Polidori MC, Woopen C (2019). Telemedicine assisted self-management program for type 2 diabetes patients. Diabetes Technol Ther, 21(9), 514–521. https://doi.org/10.1089/¬dia.2019.0056
Tompira BM, Marunduh SR, Sapulete IM (2016). Perbandingan kadar HbA1C pada pasien DM tipe 2 dengan frekuensi senam prolanis satu kali per minggu dan tiga kali per minggu. EBM, 4(1), 4–8. https://doi.org/10.35-790/ebm.4.1.2016.11698
Vaughan EM, Hyman DJ, Naik AD, Samson SL, Razjouyan J, Foreyt JP (2020). A Telehealth-supported, Integrated care with CHWs, and MEdication access (TIME) program for diabetes improves HbA1c: a randomized clinical trial. J Gen Intern Med, 36(2), 455–463. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-0200-6017-4
Vijay K (2016). E-health. IRJCS, 3(12), 28–30. http://irjcs.com/volumes/Vol3/is-s12/08.DCCSSP87.pdf
Zhou W, Chen M, Yuan J, Sun Y (2016). Welltanga smart phone-based diabetes management application improves blood glucose control in Chinese people with diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 116, 105–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2016.03.018
